Cross-examination tests the testimony of an adverse witness. Leading questions are permitted and expected, and the scope is generally confined to matters raised on direct examination and to credibility.
It is the principal mechanism for impeachment through prior inconsistent statements, bias, and contradiction.
Alternative Names:
Cross, Cross Exam
Why it Matters?
Effective cross is a series of short leading propositions the witness must accept, built from prior sworn testimony so any denial can be impeached with the transcript. The recurring failure is asking the witness to explain, which surrenders control and lets the witness repeat their direct testimony with emphasis. Depositions are where cross is actually built, months before trial.
Frequently Confused with
Related terms
Frequently asked questions
What is the scope of cross-examination?
Why use only leading questions?
