Authentication is the requirement that a proponent show evidence is what they claim it is before it can be admitted.

The best evidence rule requires an original writing, recording, or photograph to prove its contents.

Chain of custody is the documented record of who handled an item of evidence and when, establishing that it has not been altered or substituted.

A deepfake challenge asserts that audio, video, or images were synthetically generated or manipulated.

Metadata authentication uses embedded file data to establish a document's origin, timing, and integrity.

Rule 902(14) permits self-authentication of electronic data copies verified by hash value or similar digital identification.

Self-authentication permits certain documents to be admitted without extrinsic evidence of authenticity.

Social media authentication establishes that an account and its content belong to and originated from a particular person.