The billed versus paid dispute concerns whether recoverable medical damages are measured by amounts providers billed or the lower amounts actually...

Disfigurement damages compensate for permanent alteration of appearance following injury.

Emotional distress damages compensate for psychological harm, subject to varying requirements for physical injury or manifestation.

Future medical expenses are the projected costs of treatment a plaintiff will require after trial, proven through expert testimony and reduced to present...

Hedonic damages purport to quantify the value of life itself through economic methodology, and are widely excluded.

Household services damages compensate for the value of domestic work a claimant can no longer perform.

Loss of consortium is a derivative claim by a spouse or family member for the loss of companionship, services, and intimacy caused by another's injury.

Loss of earning capacity compensates for the reduction in a plaintiff's ability to earn income in the future, separate from wages already lost.

Loss of enjoyment of life compensates for the reduced ability to experience life's pleasures following injury.

Lost wages are the income a plaintiff did not earn because of the injury, from the date of harm through recovery or trial.

Medical specials are the total documented medical expenses claimed, past and sometimes future.

Pain and suffering damages compensate for the physical discomfort and emotional distress caused by an injury.

Past medical expenses are charges for treatment received before trial, forming the documented component of medical damages.

Reasonable value of medical services is the measure of recoverable medical damages in jurisdictions rejecting billed charges.

Survival damages compensate for the decedent's own losses between injury and death, recovered by the estate.

Wrongful death damages compensate surviving family members for the losses caused by a death, with recoverable categories defined by state statute.