An Allen charge urges a deadlocked jury to continue deliberating and reconsider their positions.

A bench trial is tried to the judge without a jury, with the court finding facts and applying law.

A curative instruction directs the jury to disregard improper evidence or argument.

A directed verdict is judgment entered during trial where the evidence permits only one reasonable conclusion.

Jury instructions are the court's statements of the governing law the jury must apply in reaching its verdict.

A limiting instruction tells the jury to consider evidence only for a specific permitted purpose.

Pattern jury instructions are standardized charges approved for general use in a jurisdiction.

A Rule 50(a) motion seeks judgment during trial before submission to the jury, on the ground no reasonable jury could find otherwise.

Special interrogatories are specific factual questions submitted to the jury alongside or in place of a general verdict.

A verdict form is the document the jury completes recording its findings, ranging from a simple general verdict to itemized special questions.