Adverse possession transfers title to one who occupies land openly and hostilely for the statutory period.

An as-is clause states the buyer accepts the property in its current condition without seller repair obligations.

Assignment and subletting provisions govern a tenant's ability to transfer lease rights to another party.

A boundary dispute concerns the location of a property line between adjoining parcels.

The chain of title is the sequence of recorded conveyances establishing present ownership.

A closing statement itemizes the financial terms of a real estate transaction at settlement.

A commercial lease dispute concerns rights and obligations under a lease of business property.

A common area maintenance dispute concerns the calculation and allocation of shared property operating costs.

Constructive eviction occurs where a landlord's conduct makes the premises unusable, permitting the tenant to vacate and terminate.

A deed in lieu of foreclosure conveys property to the lender voluntarily in satisfaction of the debt.

Deed warranties are the seller's promises regarding title quality, varying by deed type.

A deficiency judgment holds a borrower liable for the balance remaining after a foreclosure sale.

A due diligence period gives a buyer a defined window to investigate the property and terminate without penalty.

An earnest money dispute concerns entitlement to the buyer's deposit following a failed transaction.

An easement by necessity arises where a parcel would otherwise be landlocked following a division of property.

An easement dispute concerns the existence, scope, location, or termination of a right to use another's land.

Eminent domain is the government's power to take private property for public use upon payment of just compensation.

An encroachment is a structure or improvement extending onto a neighboring parcel without right.

An environmental site assessment evaluates a property for contamination, supporting due diligence and liability defenses.

An escrow dispute concerns the release of funds or documents held by a neutral third party pending closing conditions.

An eviction action is the summary proceeding to recover possession of leased premises from a tenant.

A foreclosure action enforces a mortgage or deed of trust by selling the encumbered property to satisfy the debt.

Highest and best use is the most profitable legally permissible use of property, forming the basis of valuation.

A holdover tenant remains in possession after the lease term expires without the landlord's consent.

Inverse condemnation is a property owner's action alleging the government took property without formal condemnation.

Just compensation is the payment a government must make for taking private property, measured by fair market value.

A lease guaranty obligates a third party to perform the tenant's obligations if the tenant defaults.

Marketable title is title free from reasonable doubt that a prudent purchaser would accept.

Material defect disclosure is the seller's obligation to reveal known conditions substantially affecting value or safety.

Mechanic's lien priority determines whether construction liens outrank mortgages and other encumbrances.

Mortgage priority determines the order in which liens are satisfied from foreclosure proceeds.

A nonconforming use lawfully predates a zoning change and may continue despite current prohibition.

A private nuisance is a substantial and unreasonable interference with another's use and enjoyment of land.

A partition action divides jointly owned property or orders its sale and division of proceeds among co-owners.

A percentage rent dispute concerns rent calculated as a share of tenant sales above a breakpoint.

A prescriptive easement arises from open, hostile, continuous use of another's land for the statutory period.

A purchase and sale agreement governs a real property transaction, setting price, contingencies, and closing obligations.

The covenant of quiet enjoyment protects a tenant's right to possess the premises without substantial interference by the landlord.

A quiet title action asks a court to resolve competing claims to real property and establish clear ownership.

A quitclaim deed conveys whatever interest the grantor holds without warranting that any interest exists.

A regulatory taking occurs where a regulation deprives property of economically viable use without physical appropriation.

A restrictive covenant limits how property may be used, binding successive owners where it runs with the land.

A seller disclosure statement is the statutorily required form reporting known material defects in residential property.

Specific performance compels completion of a real estate transaction, available because land is considered unique.

Surrender and acceptance terminates a lease by mutual agreement when the tenant relinquishes and the landlord accepts possession.

A tenant improvement allowance is landlord funding for build-out of leased space, subject to conditions and documentation.

A title defect is any encumbrance or irregularity impairing marketable ownership of real property.

Title insurance indemnifies against loss from defects in title existing at the policy date.

Trespass to land is an unauthorized physical intrusion onto property, actionable without proof of harm.

Unlawful detainer is the summary statutory action to recover possession from a tenant wrongfully remaining.

A variance permits a use or dimension departing from zoning requirements based on hardship.

Waste is conduct by a possessor that permanently damages property to the detriment of another with an interest in it.

A zoning dispute challenges a land use restriction, denial of approval, or enforcement action by a municipality.